📄 Category

hiv aids

53 papers

Modelling the tail-phase pharmacokinetics of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine from early pregnancy to postpartum at steady state

This study utilized virtual population simulations to characterize the prolonged tail-phase pharmacokinetics of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine following discontinuation during early pregnancy, revealing that maternal drug levels persist for several months postpartum and fall below therapeutic thresholds only after gestation week 33, thereby highlighting the need for strategies to mitigate risks associated with discontinuation in this population.

Atoyebi, S., Waitt, C., Olagunju, A.2026-04-07📄 hiv aids

Empiric tuberculosis treatment and 12-month mortality among sputum GeneXpert-negative adults living with HIV in Uganda in the era of widespread Antiretroviral therapy: A prospective cohort study

This prospective cohort study in Uganda reveals that despite widespread antiretroviral therapy, Xpert-negative adults living with HIV face high 12-month mortality, which is significantly elevated among those receiving empiric tuberculosis treatment, suggesting that negative molecular results should prompt extensive evaluation for alternative diagnoses like cryptococcosis and bacteremia rather than immediate empiric TB therapy.

Nakiyingi, L., Kikaire, B., Nakayenga, S. + 7 more2026-04-06📄 hiv aids

Implementation of an online tele-coaching community-based exercise (CBE) intervention among adults living with HIV in Canada: A two-phased intervention study

This two-phased study demonstrates that a 12-month online tele-coaching community-based exercise intervention successfully increased physical activity levels and improved strength, weight, and physical function among adults living with HIV in Canada, with many benefits sustained during a subsequent independent follow-up period.

O'Brien, K. K., McDuff, K., Avery, L. + 15 more2026-04-04📄 hiv aids

Self-Care from Anywhere: Evaluating the usability of an AI-powered HIV toolkit among adolescent girls and young women and healthcare providers in South Africa

An exploratory study in South Africa found that the AI-powered Self-Care from Anywhere toolkit demonstrated high usability and acceptability among adolescent girls and young women and healthcare providers, offering a promising, user-centered approach to overcoming barriers in HIV prevention, testing, and linkage to care.

Bokolo, S., Govathson, C., Rossouw, L. + 7 more2026-04-02📄 hiv aids

Co-Developing a Women-Centered HIV Prevention Intervention to Reduce Stigma, Increase HIV Self-Testing, and Improve Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Uptake in Ghana (WISE WOMAN): A Study Protocol

This study protocol outlines a pilot implementation of a co-developed, WhatsApp-based intervention designed to reduce stigma and increase HIV self-testing and PrEP uptake among young women in Ghana by leveraging community-based participatory research and human-centered design approaches.

Aidoo-Frimpong, G., Obeng, Y. A., Abubakar, A. T. + 2 more2026-04-02📄 hiv aids

Hazardous Alcohol Use, Sexual Behavior, and Incident HIV across 11 Eastern and Southern African Countries

A secondary analysis of 16 nationally representative surveys across 11 Eastern and Southern African countries reveals that hazardous alcohol use is significantly associated with high-risk sexual behaviors and increased odds of undiagnosed HIV infection among both men and women, suggesting that integrating HIV prevention strategies for individuals who drink alcohol could substantially reduce new infections in the region.

Reed, D. M., Johnson, L. F., Keyes, K. + 2 more2026-03-31📄 hiv aids

Retention to Care and Viral Load Suppression: Insights from Young People Receiving HIV Treatment at Mpilo Centre of Excellence in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

This mixed-methods study of 110 HIV-positive youths at Mpilo Centre of Excellence in Zimbabwe identifies that younger age, male sex, adherence challenges, insufficient clinical and social support, and low self-efficacy are significant barriers to viral load suppression, highlighting the urgent need for tailored, youth-friendly interventions to improve retention in care.

Dube, P. S., Nyathi, S., Tshuma, N. I. + 9 more2026-03-30📄 hiv aids

A Plasma Proteomic Ageing Clock Reflects Advanced Ageing in People with Untreated HIV and its Reduction Under Antiretroviral Therapy

This longitudinal study demonstrates that untreated HIV infection drives accelerated proteomic ageing, which is significantly reversed and decelerated upon the initiation of suppressive antiretroviral therapy, highlighting the critical importance of minimizing the duration of untreated infection.

Ryan, B., Ait Oumelloul, M., Rouached, S. + 26 more2026-03-26📄 hiv aids

Behavioral Risk Identification and Decision Guidance for Engagement (BRIDGE): Research protocol for an evaluation of an HIV treatment retention toolkit for the early treatment period

This paper outlines the research protocol for BRIDGE, a mixed-methods evaluation of a low-cost toolkit designed to improve HIV treatment retention and guideline compliance during the critical early treatment period in South Africa by piloting interventions at public health facilities to assess their feasibility, implementation outcomes, and preliminary effectiveness in reducing missed clinic visits.

Sande, L., Maskew, M., Mutanda, N. + 10 more2026-03-26📄 hiv aids

Using Synthesised Narrative Exploration to generate contextually grounded insights for HIV prevention, testing and care programming in Mozambique

This paper demonstrates how the Synthesised Narrative Exploration (SNE) approach, which integrates existing literature with local qualitative validation, efficiently generated contextually grounded insights on barriers and strategies for HIV prevention and care among women and children in Mozambique to inform more effective programming.

Baatsen, P., Madede, T., Okere, N. + 2 more2026-03-25📄 hiv aids

Distinct metabolomic and lipidomic profiles associated with cirrhosis after HCV cure in people with HIV: findings at one and five years

This study reveals that people with HIV who have achieved hepatitis C cure but retain cirrhosis exhibit distinct and persistent metabolic and lipidomic alterations, including elevated glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins alongside reduced triglycerides, which remain stable over a five-year period, indicating ongoing liver disease progression.

Virseda-Berdices, A., Requena, B., Berenguer, J. + 10 more2026-03-25📄 hiv aids

Safety and Tolerability of Low-Dose Full-Spectrum Cannabidiol in Long-Term Virally Suppressed Adults with HIV: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

In a 12-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 80 virally suppressed adults with HIV, low-dose full-spectrum cannabidiol was found to be well-tolerated with no clinically meaningful adverse effects on liver, kidney, or HIV-specific parameters, though exploratory analyses suggested a reduction in total bilirubin and heart rate in men.

COUTON, C., WANNEVEICH, M., DE DIEULEVEULT, B. + 8 more2026-03-24📄 hiv aids

Association of baseline advanced HIV disease and dolutegravir versus non-dolutegravir regimen status with viral load suppression among patients on antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania

In a retrospective cohort study of Tanzanian patients on antiretroviral therapy, dolutegravir-based regimens were associated with improved viral load suppression overall, with a particularly significant relative benefit observed among patients presenting with baseline advanced HIV disease.

Dani, H. A., Njau, P., Sangeda, R. Z.2026-03-23📄 hiv aids

Comparative 48-Week Viral Load Suppression across Antiretroviral Initiation Regimens: Dolutegravir versus Non-Dolutegravir among People Living with HIV in Tanzania

A retrospective analysis of routine HIV programme data in Tanzania involving nearly 7,000 patients demonstrates that antiretroviral therapy initiation with dolutegravir-based regimens results in significantly higher 48-week viral load suppression rates (91.7%) compared to non-dolutegravir regimens (86.7%).

Kayange, G. F., Sangeda, R. Z., Njau, P.2026-03-23📄 hiv aids

Gaps in HIV testing for children of mothers with known HIV positive status: Results from Population-based HIV Impact Assessments (PHIA) in Sub-Saharan Africa (2015-2019)

An analysis of 13 Population-based HIV Impact Assessments in Sub-Saharan Africa (2015–2019) reveals that over 40% of children born to mothers aware of their HIV-positive status had never been tested, highlighting critical gaps in pediatric diagnosis and treatment linkage despite high confirmation rates among known cases.

Nyabiage, L., Gachau, S., Jonnalagadda, S. + 20 more2026-03-23📄 hiv aids

Trends in frequency of HIV viral load and CD4 cell count monitoring among Asian cohort of adults with HIV: an analysis of the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database, 2003-2018

This study analyzing the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database from 2003 to 2018 reveals that while viral load testing rates remained stable, CD4 testing frequency declined over time, with both monitoring patterns significantly influenced by demographic, clinical, and socio-economic factors, though neither was strongly associated with AIDS diagnosis and frequent CD4 testing was paradoxically linked to higher mortality risk.

PASAYAN, M. K., Jiamsakul, A., Yunihastuti, E. + 21 more2026-03-23📄 hiv aids

Accounting for barriers to HIV infection in the recipient partner reveals frequent transient infections and explains transmission risk under viral suppression

By integrating mathematical modeling with epidemiological and phylogenetic data, this study identifies three biological mechanisms—rare permissive conditions, stage-dependent infection establishment, and target cell limitation—that explain HIV transmission dynamics, revealing frequent transient infections and providing a mechanistic basis for the negligible transmission risk observed under viral suppression.

Atkins, K. E., Antal, T., Thompson, R. N. + 4 more2026-03-23📄 hiv aids

Prevalence and correlates of HIV among children born to HIV-negative mothers in Zambia: a secondary analysis of the 2024 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey

This secondary analysis of the 2024 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey reveals that approximately 0.5% of children born to HIV-negative mothers are HIV-positive, with significantly higher prevalence observed in urban areas, wealthier households, and Copperbelt Province, underscoring critical gaps in current prevention strategies that extend beyond vertical transmission.

Chalwe, C., Munkombwe, P., Mulenga, B.2026-03-22📄 hiv aids